Kolokoltsev’s reshuffle of the MVD

New Interior Minister Kolokoltsev is doing what every new incumbent of the office does: reshuffling the upper echelons of the police. After appointing Major General (Police) Anatoly Yakunin as his successor as chief of the Moscow GUVD (police service), and launching a high-profile anti-corruption campaign in the North Caucasus to show he means business, he has turned to the MVD hierarchy. OnJune 16, Putin announced the replacement of four deputy interior ministers, so the new line-up is:

  • Interior Minister: Gen. Vladimir Kolokoltsev
  • First Deputy Interior Minister: Lt. Gen. Alexander Gorovoy
  • Deputy Minister & State Secretary: Igor Zubov [NEW]
  • Deputy Minister: Lt. Gen. Mikhail Vanichkin [NEW]
  • Deputy Minister: State Counselor 2nd class Sergei Gerasimov
  • Deputy Minister: Col. Gen. Viktor Kir’yanov 
  • Deputy Minister: Maj. Gen. Arkady Gostev [NEW]
  • Deputy Minister and Commander, Interior Troops: Army Gen. Nikolai Rogozhkin
  • Deputy Minister and Head of the Investigations Department: Maj. Gen. (Justice) Yuri Alekseev [NEW]

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Kolokoltsev in his own words, and some cautious optimism on police reform

Kolokoltsev stands for…?

For what does new Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev stand? While we wait to see what he will do in office, here are a few hints from his public statements, which are more encouraging than not:

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Russia’s new Interior Minister: Vladimir Kolokoltsev

RF Interior Minister Lt. Gen. Kolokoltsev

Assessment: Kolokoltsev is a career cop with a reputation for being an effective investigator (of the ‘brute force’ rather than ‘inspired’ variety — by which I mean not a propensity to use violence so much as a dogged use of protocol, time and manpower to work through a problem) and a tough manager. Whether this will convert into real traction on regional police structures and the police force as a whole remains to be seen, but he does seem to have a better reputation amongst the rank and file than Nurgaliev — although this is not exactly the highest bar to vault. He is a savvy bureaucratic operator, but I see no sign that he has bought into the wider reform agenda. I suspect that under him, ‘police reform’ will mean better efficiency and centralization rather than greater transparency and conformity to the laws. But we’ll see — a fuller evaluation will follow in due course.

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A Russian National Guard? Not so fast, or so likely

Not at all clear...

According to Nezavisimaya gazeta (April 2, 2012), President-elect Putin is planning to create a new National Guard, a domestic security force uniting the MVD VV Interior Troops, the MChS Ministry of Emergency Situation forces and various other security and military elements.

This Natsionalnaya gvardiya would include not just paramilitary security forces but also light airmobile units with their own transport aircraft, specialized motorized infantry brigades, and special forces. The Guard would also assimilate the 20,000 officers in the new Military Police, making it in many ways similar to the French Gendarmerie Nationale or Italian Carabinieri: a parallel police service, parallel military and internal security force all in one. (more…)

Non-Lethal Guns for Russian Police

As a coda to my earlier post about the rearming of Russia’s police (and why it’s a good thing), it’s been announced that traffic and transport police, as well as precinct inspectors (essentially local community officers) and maybe some regular beat cops will receive PB-4SP ‘Osa’ pistols firing non-lethal rounds, instead of their current weapons: conventional PM pistols or the new Yarygin PYa ‘Grach’. This comes 3 years after an initial commitment to begin use of non-lethal weapons and is a further sign of encouraging, if sometimes glacially slow police reform on he ground.

The MVD has apparently earmarked 45 million rubles ($1.6 M) for 3,800 18mm PB-4SPs. These higher-power versions of an existing civilian weapon fire metal-cored rubber bullets with a muzzle energy limited by law to 91 joules — enough to stun, even break bones, but not generally lethal unless fired at the head or point blank range. Of course, a problem is that many cases in which officers use their weapons are indeed at close quarters, and the standards of marksmanship and coolness in a crisis amongst many Russian police are pretty low, so I do fear that there will still be casualties. However, given that there is less real need for such officers to be resorting to weapons anyway, this is a step in the right direction. At least these rounds are less likely to hurt an innocent bystander through ricochet or passing through the target. (According to Izvestiya, 65 people were killed and at least 500 injured by non-lethal weapons in the past few years in Russia.)

For the real tech and gun mavens, the PB-4SP Osa (a pun: it means ‘wasp’ and also stands for Oruzha Samoobronnyi or Self-Defence Weapons),  is a light, four-barrel gun firing 18.5 x 60 mm rounds using a single CR-123A high capacity lithium battery. The rounds available are the T (Trauma), the rubber bullet described above, as well as a noise and flash round (SZ), a signal flare and a solid, lethal slug.

Kazan, Dalny and the problems and prospects of police reform

I’ve just written an opinion piece for the admirable Kazan Herald on ‘Glimmers of Hope in the Kazan Police Scandal‘, trying to make some sense of the ghastly case of the apparent (well, pretty conclusive, but technically not yet proven in a court of law) death of a man after he was brutally abused in the city’s Dalny (Dal’nii) police precinct. It may seem counter-intuitive to be looking for hope in such a tragedy, but the scale and nature of the public outcry, the authorities’ quick and decisive response are encouraging and initiatives such as the decision to instal video cameras in interrogation rooms may well help more concrete the often vague precepts of the 2011 Law on the Police. After all, police reform will inevitably be a halting, two-steps-forward-one-step-back process, a cultural and institutional change far slower and more complex than just spray-painting полиция over милиция on the sides of their cars. But part of the process, unpleasant as it may be at the time, will precisely be in flushing out decades of accumulated filth from the system. That other victims of the Dalny police, and the Kazan police as a whole, are now coming forward with their stories, stories which are terrible precisely because they are not atypical, that they could be heard in every part of Russia, is a good thing. The truth shall not always set you free, but it is at least a pretty unavoidable precondition for creating a more positive relationship between police and policed in the future.

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